Systemic change refers to reforms that alter the underlying structures, policies, or practices that shape how an institution operates. Unlike responses that address only individual incidents, systemic change seeks to modify the conditions that produce recurring problems. In education systems, systemic change may involve revising policies, reallocating resources, improving training, or creating new accountability mechanisms. Because many institutional challenges arise from structural conditions rather than isolated mistakes, systemic change is often necessary to ensure that improvements are sustained over time.