Student exclusion refers to the removal or prevention of a student from participating in classroom learning or school activities. Exclusion may occur through formal disciplinary measures such as suspensions, or through informal practices such as repeated removal from class, shortened schedules, or conditions that discourage attendance. Exclusion can interrupt learning, disrupt relationships with peers, and affect a student’s sense of belonging within the school community. In many cases, exclusion affects students whose needs are not being adequately supported within the existing system.