Shame refers to the painful emotional experience of feeling exposed, judged, or fundamentally inadequate. In school environments, shame can arise when students are publicly criticised, singled out for mistakes, or repeatedly positioned as the source of problems. Experiences of humiliation, social rejection, or constant correction can contribute to a sense of shame that affects a student’s confidence and willingness to participate in learning. Shame-based responses to behaviour may produce short-term compliance but often undermine trust and emotional safety. Recognising the role of shame in school environments highlights the importance of responding to challenges in ways that preserve dignity and support growth.