School exclusion refers to situations where a student is prevented from fully participating in school life. Exclusion can occur formally through disciplinary measures such as suspensions, or informally through practices that limit access to learning environments, shorten schedules, or repeatedly remove students from classrooms. In many cases, exclusion affects students whose needs are not adequately supported within the existing system. Exclusion may be framed as a response to behaviour or safety concerns, but it can also reflect structural barriers that prevent some students from accessing education on an equitable basis. Understanding exclusion requires looking not only at individual incidents but at the broader patterns and conditions that shape whether students are able to remain meaningfully included in school.