Gender-based harm refers to harm that occurs because of a person’s gender, gender identity, or gender expression, or because they do not conform to expected gender roles. In school settings, gender-based harm can include harassment, bullying, exclusion, sexual harassment, or punishment for behaviour that is judged differently based on gender. It can also involve the dismissal or minimisation of concerns raised by students because of gender stereotypes—for example, assumptions that girls are exaggerating harm or that boys should tolerate aggression. Gender diverse and transgender students may face additional risks when their identities are not respected or when they are targeted for being different. Gender-based harm can affect a student’s safety, sense of belonging, and ability to participate fully in school life. Under the British Columbia Human Rights Code, discrimination and harassment based on gender identity, gender expression, and sex are prohibited, and schools have a responsibility to prevent and address these harms.